HIV transcription

The NFkappaB transcription factor. The protein is encoded by the host cell but recruited by HIV to bind to the long terminal repeat DNA (LTR) and boost transcription.

The proviral DNA contains all of the signals necessary to support transcription of the viral genome mediated by the host cell RNA polymerase II. The viral long terminal repeat (LTR) binds a variety of cellular transcription factors, including the host cell encoded NFkappaB heterodimer